Kafka and his Portrayal of Characters Essay -- essays research papers

Kafka’s Portrayal of Characters Franz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Virtually unknown during his lifetime, the works of Kafka have since been recognized as symbolizing modern man's distress and distorted alienation in an unintelligible, hostile, or indifferent world. None of Kafka’s novels were printed during his lifetime, and it was only with reluctance that he published a fraction of his shorter fiction. Kafka went even as far as to request that his unprinted manuscripts be destroyed after his death. His friend, Max Brod went against his wishes and published his works, although many were unfinished (Sokel 35). Kafka came from a middle-class Jewish family and grew up in the shadow of his domineering shopkeeper father, who impressed Kafka the ultimate father figure. The feeling of impotence, even in his rebellion, was a syndrome that became a pervasive theme in his fiction. Kafka did well in the prestigious German high school in Prague and went on to receive a law degree in 1906. He soon found a job at the Assicurizioni Generali Insurance Company in 1907 but soon left, due to the lengthy hours and intolerable conditions. Later in 1908, he began working at the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute, where he would work most of the rest of his life. He regarded this job as the essence—both blessing and curse—of his life (Gray 78). He would work most of the rest of his life, although only sporadically after 1917, and in June 1922 he was put on â€Å"temporary retirement† with a pension (Gray 81-84). This job, although not great had short hours, and so allowed him time to think and write. In 1911, he was asked by his father to take charge of his brother-in-law Karl Hermann’s asbestos factory, which took up a lot of his time until 1917 and literally almost drove him to suicide (83). Kafka spent half his life after 1917 in sanatoriums and health resorts; his tuberculosis of the lungs finally spreading to the larynx. Throughout his life, Kafka wrote during times he felt frustrated, either by a love, his family, or his sickness (Sokel 133). Kafka’s method of relief from these frustrations was through his writing (133).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kafka’s coarse relationship with his father dominates his thoughts in life and his works. In the two works, â€Å"The Me... ... his own life, his own views, his own perspectives. He deliberately removes the line between truth and fiction. Tongue in cheek, Kafka used his life as blueprints for his works. In doing so, he has played â€Å"one of the strangest and most daring games a writer ever had played†(Pascal 137). By telling of his life as a fable and commenting about his own style, he raised himself to the level of literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography: Brod, Max, Franz Kafka, 2d ed. (1960); Citati, Pietro, Kafka (1990); Flores, Angel, ed., The Kafka Debate (1977); Glatzer, N. N., The Loves of Franz Kafka (1985); Gray, Ronald, ed., Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays (1962); Hayman, Ronald, Kafka (1982); Heller, Erich, Franz Kafka (1975); Karl, Frederick R., Franz Kafka: Representative Man (1992); Lawson, R. H., Franz Kafka (1987); Pawel, E., The Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka (1984); Politzer, Heiny, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox (1962); Sokel, Walter H., Franz Kafka (1966); Udoff, Alan, ed., Kafka and the Contemporary Critical Performance (1987   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Media in Britain current debates and developments

Communication is a vital element in almost anything that society does. Through communication, ideas and feelings are expressed, actions are taken. The role of communication is essential in everyday living. As different communication models suggests like theorists Berlo, Kincaid, Laswell, Schramm and several others, the process is diverse and involves such elements such as the communicator, the message, the channel, and the receiver. In other communication models, several other elements and factors are included.Communication utilizes different channels and mediums for its purpose in bringing and carrying messages. Related to this is the use of media. Whether it may be print, radio, or television broadcasting, communication as a process went through these channels. Communication can be seen as an aid to social change. Communication used purposively and effectively can bring about many benefits for the society. Communication, as a distinct means in bringing not only information, also ca n change beliefs and attitudes. This essay aims to discern the role of public service broadcasting in the country today.To begin, the channel used in this term is implied as broadcasting mediums. Radio and television can be considered as subjects to this statement. Information technology and the development of technology through the years had great contributions in the society. Probably one of the most important contributions in which broadcasting media became an effective channel is its ways to instigate information dissemination. With the emergence and development of broadcasting mediums, society has immediate although ephemeral access to information from almost all vital aspects in the society.The society has gained much from the information shared in this manner as more and more information are shared to the people. This had brought new knowledge and understanding of how society works, how it is and the important matters in which people need to know what is happening around them . With the development of technology comes the greater access to broadcast media. Broadcasting media had influenced the society, even the world for many years now. The emergence of the use of information technology and effective communication through this media has influenced almost all sectors in the society.From politics, business, agriculture, religion and other sectors, the broadcast media has impact in bringing the sectors to the peoples’ understanding. The paper evaluates the role of public service broadcasting in London. If the role exist or not, the paper will lay its perspective on how public service broadcasting molded the European societies. Public broadcasting is also referred to as public service broadcasting. The intention of this medium is to serve and direct the diverse needs and desires of the public which is very much well informed.Public service broadcasting had become one of the leading broadcasting type and medium all over the world. This can be attribute d to the human interest of the mediums used in communication. People are interested with other people. Public service broadcasting answers this event with a response to what people needs. To define public service broadcasting, we situate the media employed in Europe nations in which public service broadcasting had became a great influence in its society. Public service broadcasting is a system in which radio, television and other electronic media channels to receive and disseminate information to the public.The funding of this system is from the public. Whether through donations, license fees, state subsidies are generally included as taxes paid by the society to the state. To further gather funds for the system’s advantage and use, the public broadcasters solicits help from private corporations and firms to gather more funding fro their projects and administration of works in the system. As employed in any broadcasting system is placing advertisements of the private corporat ions and firms in the broadcasting program.This method creates publicity for those firms. The Broadcasting Research Unit listed several major goals or characteristics of a public broadcaster. Public broadcasting creates geographic universality as different stations broadcast and is available worldwide. Several station in the UK failed in this category because as this criterion can be satisfied with either having broadcasting affiliations worldwide. The BBC or the British Broadcasting Channel caters for all interest and taste and this led to its affectivity in broadcasting worldwide.Public broadcasting caters to minorities and has an essential concern for national identity and community. Public service broadcasting also aims to detach itself from any vested interest of prominent individual and situations, even the government. This follows the rule in media being unbiased and impartiality. The broadcasting system and stations should not subject itself from any control of private corpo rate firms that they advertise, politicians and other influential nature that can cause one-sidedness in their reports. Public service broadcasting is directly funded by the body of users.Another important goal public service broadcasting stations must aim is achieving a healthy competition through quality programming and true service to others, rather than relying on numbers and ratings. Lastly, guidelines must be implemented to liberate programs of public service broadcasting. These guidelines should not restrict them. As done in the United Kingdom, guidelines serve as the basis of the programs but they are not seen as laws. In European nations, public service broadcasting is funded through a mix of taxes, state license fees and advertising contributions.As UNESCO states it, the fundamental principle of public service broadcasting is the realization that their purpose is for the people and their needs and benefits. These needs are addressed with the combination of the systemâ€⠄¢s diversity, skills and resources. The broadcasting media should be noted answerable by the mandate of the people and service to them. As dependent as they may be from private organizations and marketing frims resources, they must remain committed to their services for the people.This can be done by eliminating necessary influence brought about by the politicians, the government and the firms that gives them their funding. This will yield and must result to the independency the broadcasting media must own. As independence of the broadcasting media is theoretically and somehow evidently applied, the broadcasting sectors must take on the public service role. This role includes the â€Å"neutral† nature of the broadcasting sector and its role as watchdogs of the people in the government. In the United Kingdom, the freedom of expression brought in the media is recognized.Along with several states like Canada and South Africa, media organization in these countries have a say on their managerial decision-making processes, the content and context of their programs, without interference or limited censorship from the state. But independence practiced by these countries also entails their responsibility on the news and reports they broadcast. They serve these obligations with the public’s interest. These measures are done with a number of mechanisms employed by the broadcasting companies REFERENCE: 1. ) Briggs, A. & Cobley, P. eds. (2002) The Media: an introduction (2nd edn.) Harlow: Longman 2. ) Burton, G. (2005) Media and Society- Critical Perspectives Open University Press 3. ) Curran, J. ed. (2000) Media Organizations in Society London: Arnold 4. ) Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M. (eds. ) (1996) Mass Media and Society London: Arnold 5. ) Scannell, P. (1989) Public Service Broadcasting and Modem Public Life' Media, Culture and Society 11:135-166 6. ) Stokes, J. & Reading A. eds. (1999) The Media in Britain current debates and developments London:Palgrave 7. ) Watson, J. (2003) Media Communication: an Introduction to theory and practice London: Palgrave

Psychology Principles in the Breakfast Club Essay

A â€Å"quintessential 80’s movie,† The Breakfast Club is a film rich with psychological principles. This movie is about a group of high school teenagers filled with personal angst who spend a Saturday serving their detention sentences in the school library. Each teenager from a different clique, they didn’t expect to relate as much to each other as they thought. As they begin to get to know each other, the vengeful assistant principal Vernon starts to single out Bender, the rebel of the group of teenagers. Initially, none of the other teenagers help Bender. This demonstrates the bystander effect because they don’t help Bender; this effect can be explained by the absence of group membership and cohesiveness because the 5 strangers don’t really know each other yet. But when assistant principal Vernon locks Bender in a closet, the group has already established trustworthy relationships among its members, so they decide to help Bender escape. Also, assistant principal Vernon debatably exhibited deindividuation when he proceeded to threaten Bender and to lock him inside a closet. Normally, an assistant principal of a high school wouldn’t speak cruelly or do such things to a student, but because of the situation (their history together and how Bender always seemed to have won), Vernon acts this way. Finally, each teenager demonstrated conformity in his/her own way. Bender covered up his scars from the abuse he received from his dad so that he wouldn’t be judged as weak for them; Andy, the jock, covered up his hatred for his father because he didn’t want to be seen as abnormal; Brian, the geek, contemplated suicide but never told anyone because he didn’t want to be perceived as depressed; Allison, the outcast, lies compulsively because she has to keep up a reputation she has created; and Claire, the popular girl, hides the fact that she is still a virgin because all of her friends are not virgins and she doesn’t want to be considered strange.